@article{potsiou2022prototype,

title = {A Prototype Machine Learning Tool Aiming to Support 3D Crowdsourced Cadastral Surveying of Self-Made Cities},

author = {Chryssy Potsiou and Nikolaos Doulamis and Nikolaos Bakalos and Maria Gkeli and Charalabos Ioannidis and Selena Markouizou},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/1/8},

doi = {10.3390/land12010008},

issn = {2073-445X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-16},

urldate = {2022-12-16},

journal = {Land},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {8},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Land administration and management systems (LAMSs) have already made progress in the field of 3D Cadastre and the visualization of complex urban properties to support property markets and provide geospatial information for the sustainable management of smart cities. However, in less developed economies, with informally developed urban areas\textemdashthe so-called self-made cities\textemdashthe 2D LAMSs are left behind. Usually, they are less effective and mainly incomplete since a large number of informal constructions remain unregistered. This paper presents the latest results of an innovative on-going research aiming to structure, test and propose a low-cost but reliable enough methodology to support the simultaneous and fast implementation of both 2D land parcel and 3D property unit registration of informal, multi-story and unregistered constructions. An Indoor Positioning System (IPS) built upon low-cost Bluetooth technology combined with an innovative machine learning algorithm and connected with a 3D LADM-based cadastral mapping mobile application are the two key components of the technical solution under investigation. The proposed solution is tested for the first floor of a multi-room office building. The main conclusions concern the potential, usability and reliability of the method.},

keywords = {3D cadastre, 3D mapping, Crowdsourcing, indoor localization, informal development, Machine Learning},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{apostolopoulos2022improve,

title = {How to Improve Quality of Crowdsourced Cadastral Surveys},

author = {Konstantinos Apostolopoulos and Chryssy Potsiou},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/10/1642},

doi = {10.3390/land11101642},

issn = {2073-445X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-23},

journal = {Land},

volume = {11},

number = {10},

pages = {1642},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The potential for introducing voluntary citizen participation, combined with mobile services, for cadastral data collection for a systematic first registration has been thoroughly investigated and even implemented in some official projects. This data collection procedure can technically be ac-complished safely, but results have shown that many participants have difficulty in identifying the land parcels (location, shape and size) on the base-map (orthophoto, air-photo, etc.) correctly. Either they have to ask the assistance of a private professional, or there is a high risk that a number of errors may appear in the submitted crowdsourced data. This paper investigates how to improve the quality of such crowdsourced cadastral data, by adding to the base-map any available and relevant geospatial and descriptive information that may help the participants to correctly identify their land parcel. In particular, the research investigates and suggests (a) which types of available geospatial information should be added to the base-map and by whom (professionals or a group of trained volunteers), and (b) the necessary quality controls that must be made in the compilation of the advanced crowdsourced base-map\textemdasha case study follows to assess the suggested proposal. In addition, this paper provides an updated version of the crowdsourced methodology for cadastral surveys as modelled by the authors in an earlier stage of their research. This updated version briefly includes all quality controls needed to ensure the quality of a modern cadastre that the authors will further investigate in a subsequent stage.},

keywords = {cadastral basemap, Cadastre, Crowdsourcing, Land administration, quality controls},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gkeli2021,

title = {A BIM-IFC Technical Solution for 3D Crowdsourced Cadastral Surveys Based on LADM},

author = {Maria Gkeli and Chryssy Potsiou and Sofia Soile and Giorgos Vathiotis and Maria-Eleni Cravariti},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4834/2/3/35},

doi = {10.3390/earth2030035},

issn = {2673-4834},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-06},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Earth},

volume = {2},

pages = {605-621},

abstract = {In most countries, three-dimensional (3D) property units are registered utilizing two-dimensional (2D) documentation and textual description. This approach has several limitations as it is unable to represent the actual extent of complicated 3D property units in space. As traditional procedures often lead to increased costs and long delays in 2D cadastral surveying, a fast, cost-effective, and reliable solution is needed to cope with the remaining global cadastral surveying needs. Crowdsourcing has claimed a critical role as a reliable methodology with huge potential regarding the realization of 2D and 3D cadastral registration in both an affordable and a timely manner. Many large modern constructions are now planned and constructed based on BIM technology all over the world. The utilization of 3D digital models, such as building information models (BIMs), and the establishment of a connection with the international standard of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) could be a solution for the rapid integration of these units into a 3D crowdsourced cadaster with a better representation of the cadastral boundaries of these units, a detailed visualization of complex infrastructures, and an enhancement in the interoperability between different parties and organizations. In this paper, the potential linkage between the BIM, the LADM, and crowdsourcing techniques is investigated in order to provide an effective technical solution for the integration of large new constructions into 3D crowdsourced cadastral surveys. The proposed framework is tested on a building block in Athens, Greece. The potential, perspectives, and reliability of such an implementation are assessed and discussed.},

keywords = {3D cadaster, BIM, Crowdsourcing, IFC, LADM},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{gkeli2021bim,

title = {A BIM-IFC Technical Solution for 3D Crowdsourced Cadastral Surveys Based on LADM},

author = {Maria Gkeli and Chryssy Potsiou and Sofia Soile and Giorgos Vathiotis and Maria-Eleni Cravariti},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4834/2/3/35},

doi = {10.3390/earth2030035},

issn = {2673-4834},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-06},

urldate = {2021-09-06},

journal = {Earth},

volume = {2},

number = {3},

pages = {605--621},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {In most countries, three-dimensional (3D) property units are registered utilizing two-dimensional (2D) documentation and textual description. This approach has several limitations as it is unable to represent the actual extent of complicated 3D property units in space. As traditional procedures often lead to increased costs and long delays in 2D cadastral surveying, a fast, cost-effective, and reliable solution is needed to cope with the remaining global cadastral surveying needs. Crowdsourcing has claimed a critical role as a reliable methodology with huge potential regarding the realization of 2D and 3D cadastral registration in both an affordable and a timely manner. Many large modern constructions are now planned and constructed based on BIM technology all over the world. The utilization of 3D digital models, such as building information models (BIMs), and the establishment of a connection with the international standard of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) could be a solution for the rapid integration of these units into a 3D crowdsourced cadaster with a better representation of the cadastral boundaries of these units, a detailed visualization of complex infrastructures, and an enhancement in the interoperability between different parties and organizations. In this paper, the potential linkage between the BIM, the LADM, and crowdsourcing techniques is investigated in order to provide an effective technical solution for the integration of large new constructions into 3D crowdsourced cadastral surveys. The proposed framework is tested on a building block in Athens, Greece. The potential, perspectives, and reliability of such an implementation are assessed and discussed.},

keywords = {3D cadaster, BIM, Crowdsourcing, IFC, LADM},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{apostolopoulos2022consideration,

title = {Consideration on how to introduce gamification tools to enhance citizen engagement in crowdsourced cadastral surveys},

author = {Konstantinos Apostolopoulos and Chryssy Potsiou},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00396265.2021.1888027},

doi = {10.1080/00396265.2021.1888027},

issn = {0039-6265},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-23},

urldate = {2021-02-23},

journal = {Surv. Rev.},

volume = {54},

number = {383},

pages = {142--152},

publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},

abstract = {The major objective of this research is to investigate the progress of citizen participation in cadastral surveying and to consider ways on how to introduce gamification tools for further improvement. A brief literature review is presented in the areas of the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 related to land administration and citizen engagement, e-government and citizen participation and gamification tools for citizen engagement. This paper, also, includes an investigation of the progress in introducing volunteerism and citizen participation to the Hellenic Cadastre. A case study is held by a group of volunteers in order to assess the developed tools designed either by the private sector or by the cadastral agency.},

keywords = {Cadastral surveying, Citizen participation, Crowdsourcing, Gamification, Land administration, VGI},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mourafetis2020,

title = {IT services and crowdsourcing in support of the hellenic cadastre: Advanced citizen participation and crowdsourcing in the official property registration process},

author = {George Mourafetis and Chryssy Potsiou},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/4/190},

doi = {10.3390/ijgi9040190},

issn = {22209964},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-03-01},

urldate = {2020-03-01},

journal = {ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Information},

volume = {9},

number = {4},

pages = {190},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Greece is one of the few European countries that has not yet a fully operating Cadastre at national coverage. Cadastral surveying and property registration have been completed only for about 8% of the Greek territory, which includes about 18% of the total property rights. At the remaining areas, cadastral surveying and property registration is still under development and is expected to be completed by the end of 2021. The cadastral survey is a participatory procedure in which property right holders, or their representatives, are expected to declare the land parcels on which they have property rights and submit all documents that prove these rights. The time frame available for the declaration is 3 months, which is specific for each municipality. Right holders are now enabled to provide both spatial and descriptive information, regarding their properties and property rights, without the need of a professional. That includes the parcel's boundary lines along with the legal documents required to validate the declaration. Each right holder, or a representative, has the option to submit a declaration over the internet through a web application without the need of a professional. Within the frame of a PhD research, several concerns were addressed such as usability, security, and scalability in order for the outcome to support its scope while respecting binding constrains. As a result, two web applications have been created to officially support the Hellenic Cadaster property rights declaration process. The suggested approach was considered a big success in terms of both public acceptance and usability as shown from the statistics collected during the first eight months of its formal operation.},

keywords = {Cadaster, Crowdsourcing, Land administration, Mobile services, VGI},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Potsiou2020,

title = {Reliable 2D Crowdsourced Cadastral Surveys: Case Studies from Greece and Romania},

author = {Chryssy Potsiou and Cornel Paunescu and Charalabos Ioannidis and Konstantinos Apostolopoulos and Florin Nache},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/2/89},

doi = {10.3390/ijgi9020089},

issn = {2220-9964},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-02-01},

urldate = {2020-02-01},

journal = {ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Information},

volume = {9},

number = {2},

pages = {89},

abstract = {This paper is part of a doctoral dissertation (PhD) research that investigates the development of a procedure for reliable 2D crowdsourced cadastral surveying introducing the use of new Information Technology IT tools and increased citizen participation, supported by m-services. For the development of this procedure, the formal cadastral procedure applied currently in two Europeans countries, Greece and Romania, for their modern nation-wide projects is firstly investigated. The first part of this paper briefly investigates the current stage of progress of those projects in both countries, as well as the specifications and procedures applied for the cadastral surveys, and assesses the level of participation of the right holders and the efficiency of the current procedures. Then, a proposal for a crowdsourced general procedure with increased participation of the right holders in the initial cadastral data collection phase is designed that it may be of value either for the planners of those two projects to improve their projects towards a more fit-for-purpose approach and successfully meet the deadlines timely, or for researchers and planners of other projects with similar nation-wide approaches which also require accurate, assured and authoritative end products. For the assessment of the applicability of the proposal, three case studies are held and tested in urban, rural and suburban areas in both countries, using both a commercial application and an open source one. These crowdsourced surveys are compared to the formal cadastral surveys that have been compiled by cadastral professionals in both countries and the achieved results are assessed and judged as satisfactory in terms of geometric accuracies and the avoidance of gross errors in the location of the parcels. A proposal for future research in order to further improve the proposed procedure is discussed.},

keywords = {Cadastre, Crowdsourcing, Land administration, opensource},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gkeli2019,

title = {Crowdsourced 3D cadastral surveys: looking towards the next 10 years},

author = {Maria Gkeli and Chryssy Potsiou and Charalabos Ioannidis},

url = {https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/jgeosy/v21y2019i1d10.1007_s10109-018-0287-0.html},

doi = {10.1007/s10109-018-0287-0},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Geographical Systems},

volume = {21},

number = {1},

pages = {61-87},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {Rapidly growing cities, multiple uses of urban space and the complexity of overlapping property rights require various types of rights to be registered and handled in a uniform and reliable way, considering the third dimension. The adoption of automated and low-cost but reliable procedures for cadastral surveys and for the capture and processing of cadastral data, as well as the use of modern Information Technology (IT) tools and m-services, is the beginning of a new cadastral evolution. 3D-crowdsourced cadastral data capture has huge potential and may soon facilitate the work of National Mapping Agencies (NMAs). In this paper, an innovative fit-for-purpose procedure is designed and initially tested that aims to save time and costs and to provide a modern technical solution for the initial collection, registration and visualization of 3D cadastral data. An open-source, mobile application for the acquisition of 3D crowdsourced cadastral data and 3D modelling and visualization of property units is developed, tested and presented. The proposed technical procedure is adjustable and may be used in both the developed and the developing world. The geometric accuracy of the final product depends on the geometric accuracy of the basemaps used. The developed application is tested on a multi-story building in an urban area of Larisa, in Greece. An initial evaluation of the procedure and the final product, in terms of its usability, affordability, reliability and implementation duration, is conducted. The first results are satisfactory and may lead to a fit-for-purpose procedure for a 3D cadastre for all in the future.},

keywords = {3D cadastre, 3D modelling, Crowdsourcing, Land administration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Apostolopoulos2018,

title = {A new model for cadastral surveying using crowdsourcing},

author = {K Apostolopoulos and M Geli and P Petrelli and C Potsiou and C Ioannidis},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2016.1253522},

doi = {10.1080/00396265.2016.1253522},

issn = {17522706},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-03-01},

journal = {Surv. Rev.},

volume = {50},

number = {359},

pages = {122--133},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {A ‘fit-for-purpose' approach is developed, tested and presented for cadastral surveys through increased owners' participation using new technology and m-government services. Three case studies are reported, for urban, suburban and rural areas, with a combined use of two mobile applications: a commercial software package (ESRI's Collector for ArcGIS) and an opensource self-developed application named BoundGeometry. The parameters of time, quality and accuracy are assessed and the identified difficulties are classified. It is concluded that the method is applicable both in developed and developing countries, and each time adjustable to the available infrastructure.},

keywords = {Cadastre, Crowdsourcing, Gamification, Mobile device, VGI},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}